Balanced Diet Need To Know for Pregnant Women

What a pregnant woman eats has a direct bearing on her unborn child. She has to take a well-balanced diet which has all the required nutrients, vitamins and minerals, not only to keep her body healthy and prepare it for childbearing and breastfeeding, but also to aid in the proper growth and development of the unborn child. A normal, healthy woman requires approximately 2100 calories in a single day and during pregnancy, she needs about 2500 calories in a day. Besides increasing the number of calories, she should pay attention to the kind of foods she eats, so that she and her unborn baby get the right kind of nutrition. What constitutes a balanced diet for pregnant women, let's find out.

Diet for a Healthy Pregnancy

Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins

A balanced diet for women is the one in which all food groups i.e. foods containing carbohydrates, proteins and fats are included. A pregnant woman's diet should mainly consist of carbohydrates, which can be derived from including foods such as bread, potatoes, pasta, corn, rice and whole grains in the diet. Fats, which are found in oils, butter, nuts and dairy products as well as high protein foods, which are found in meat, eggs, fish, beans and dairy products have to be included in the diet too.

Fiber

As constipation is common during pregnancy, so including fiber rich foods in the diet is essential. Some of the foods rich in fiber are whole grain breads, rice, pasta, fruits, vegetables and cereals.

Calcium

A well-balanced diet would be incomplete without including at least four servings of calcium rich foods in a day. Ideally, a pregnant woman should get around 1000-1300 mg of calcium through her diet every day.

Iron

Iron rich foods are a must in a pregnancy diet plan, because they provide the body with extra blood needed for the placenta. Broccoli, spinach, wholemeal bread and muesli are some of the foods that are rich in iron and thus, are an important part of a healthy diet.

Vitamin C and A

A pregnant woman should eat at least one food product which is a good source of vitamins such as vitamin C and vitamin A, everyday. Foods rich in vitamin C are oranges, strawberries, papaya, cauliflower, broccoli, green peppers, sprouts and grapefruits. Foods rich in vitamin A are spinach, carrots, sweet potatoes, beet greens, turnip greens, apricots and pumpkins.

Folic Acid

Folic acid or vitamin B9 is essential for the development of the nervous system of the baby. Folic acid helps in preventing neural tube defects as well as certain congenital malformations in the baby too. A woman should start taking folic acid rich foods such as green vegetables, lentils, orange juice, barley beans, rice and peas, even prior to conception and continue taking them for the first three months of pregnancy.

Prenatal Vitamin Supplements

If by any chance a pregnant woman is lacking in vitamins or minerals or the required nutrients of a healthy diet, she should take prenatal vitamin supplements to make up for it. It is always best to consult a doctor who will then prescribe prenatal vitamins, according to the body's requirement.

During pregnancy, majority of women experience morning sickness, nausea and vomiting, making it difficult for them to increase their calorie intake. However, undertaking a diet, which includes all the foods mentioned above, is a must. Pregnant women should strive as much as they can to consume all the necessary food in the right quantity, so as to keep themselves as well as their baby healthy.

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About Decaffeinated Tea during Pregnancy

The caffeine content of a cup of tea can be lowered to a great extent by reducing the steeping time.

During pregnancy, you try to make every possible effort to make sure that you don't eat or drink anything that can harm your baby. So, you end up making a number of dietary changes. However, caffeine, an alkaloid found in beverages like coffee and tea, has confused women for a long time.

While some people advise to avoid caffeinated beverages completely during pregnancy, others maintain that their consumption in moderation is not harmful for the developing fetus. Though tea contains caffeine, it is considered to be a healthy drink due to its antioxidant content.

Moreover, there is no consensus regarding the harmful effects of caffeine on the developing fetus, as studies conducted so far have demonstrated conflicting results. But it is generally maintained that pregnant women should cut down their caffeine intake. So, they can switch over to decaffeinated tea, and derive the benefits of tea while avoiding the harmful effects of caffeine. Let's find out more about caffeine, its effects on the fetus, and how safe decaffeinated tea is for pregnant women.

How Caffeine Affects You and Your Unborn Child?

» Caffeine is basically a stimulant, a psychoactive substance that acts on the central nervous system to increase alertness. It can also increase your heart rate and the rate of metabolism. Regular consumption of a large amount of caffeinated beverages can cause insomnia, nervousness, and headaches. Caffeine has diuretic properties, and so, it can cause dehydration, if taken in excess. During pregnancy, it is important to stay well-hydrated and limit the intake of caffeine.

» Caffeine can affect the fetus in the same way it affects you. So, it can increase fetal heart rate, and affect your baby's sleep and movement pattern. It can also constrict the blood vessels and thus, reduce the supply of blood to the placenta. If taken in large quantities, caffeine can increase the risk of miscarriage, and cause low birth weight and stillbirths. An unborn baby cannot fully metabolize caffeine, and so, it remains in the baby's bloodstream for a long time. The ability to break down caffeine also reduces during pregnancy.

Decaffeinated Tea and Pregnancy

» If you have the habit of drinking tea or coffee daily, then cutting down the intake of caffeine can be a really difficult and challenging task for you. The caffeine content of a cup of tea is usually lower than that of a cup of coffee, as a large amount of caffeine is left in the leaves, which are discarded after making the drink. Tea contains flavones and antioxidants, which are essential for leading a healthy life. Tea can also help you cope with morning sickness and an upset stomach. As far as caffeine and its harmful effects are concerned, these can be avoided by switching over to decaffeinated tea.

» The consumption of a small amount of regular tea is also considered safe during pregnancy. What is important is to avoid the overconsumption of tea, in order to reduce the intake of caffeine. Decaffeinated tea is also not completely free of caffeine, as complete removal of caffeine is not possible. So, it contains a small amount of residual caffeine, which should be kept in mind by pregnant women.

» The process of decaffeination can not only lower the level of caffeine, but the level of flavones and antioxidants as well, which may compromise the nutritional value of tea. But as far as the safety of decaffeinated tea is concerned, its consumption in moderation is considered safe for expecting mothers. But it is better to reduce the amount of tea you drink daily. In general, drinking 2 or 3 cups of decaffeinated tea is considered safe during pregnancy.

» Apart from caffeine, tea contains phenols, which can impair the absorption of iron and folate, if it is consumed with a meal or within half an hour of eating a meal. Green tea contains a compound, known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which can affect the way in which our body uses folate. Therefore, avoid taking tea, including decaffeinated tea immediately after a meal.

Things to Be Considered

» As per the guidelines issued by the Food Standards Agency, the daily caffeine intake of pregnant women should not exceed 200 mg. According to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, caffeine intake up to 200 mg per day is safe during pregnancy. This is equivalent to 1 to 2 cups of coffee or 3 to 5 cups of tea. However, the caffeine content of coffee depends on the type of beans. For example, robusta beans usually have more caffeine than arabica.

» While sticking to the figure of 200 mg caffeine per day, pregnant women should bear in mind that tea and coffee are not the only sources of caffeine. In fact, this naturally occurring alkaloid can be found in a wide range of food and beverages, of which chocolates, soft drinks, and energy drinks are worth mentioning.

» Caffeine can also be found in many over-the-counter medications used for treating cold, headaches, and allergies. So, while counting your daily caffeine intake, be sure to consider the caffeine content of medications, and the foods and beverages mentioned above. The caffeine content of decaffeinated tea and coffee should also be taken into account, no matter how insignificant it is.

Though consumption of decaffeinated tea is largely considered safe during pregnancy, it is better to follow your physician's suggestions in this regard. If your physician asks you to completely eliminate caffeine, then it is better to do so. But if you are asked to cut down the intake of caffeine, you can enjoy a few cups of decaffeinated tea as long as your daily caffeine intake stays within the safe limit.

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Average Cost For Mini Dental Implants

Dental implants are a hi-tech means of replacing lost teeth, as well as gaps from fallen ones. It must be of great discomfort to have to eat and smile with gummy gaps that need teeth replacements. Now you don't have to worry about even getting stitches done after painful gum incisions, because dentistry has come up with innovative ways to make dentist trips less terrifying. Dentures are a great way to get back what you've lost, and gain more confidence with all your teeth intact.

Mini Dental Implants Information

A mini dental implant is made up of titanium that plays the role of one's tooth root, with an O ring that is placed on the base of one's denture. It keeps the denture in place and avoids it from falling out. It gives you an opportunity to chew better, and even bite onto foods you thought you could never eat again. It is a painless procedure, where the patient is induced with a mild anesthetic.

The denture is adjusted to attach itself onto the mini implants. It takes approximately an hour to finish the process; where one can eat an hour later from the procedure with ease and comfort. Patients need to know how to manage their dentures, and maintain oral hygiene to take care of them.

How Much do Mini Dental Implants Cost?

The cost can vary depending on what work needs to be done. It can be expensive, but there are places like AffordableDentures, that offer reasonable pricing for low-cost dental implants. If you want a good professional job done, that is long-lasting, then investing in your teeth should be one's priority. You can always sign up for dental implant insurance, to help out with the costs.

Basic Procedure

Mini dental implants cost you about $1,250-$3,000. If there are additional costs like bone regeneration, wide/narrow implants, posterior mandible and so on, then these costs could easily rise up to $15,000-$30,000 for both your upper and lower jaws. It is said that tooth replacement is more expensive than implantation, because of added procedures like repairing and replacements.

A dental implant with a crown support, would be about $2500-$4000, whereas bridge replacement including repairing a bone defect would peak at around $6000. Complications can arise for those with the following health concerns.

• Alzheimer's disease
• Youngsters still in the growing process
• Sjogren's syndrome
• People with a bad habit of clenching their teeth
• Heavy smokers and drinkers

The costs seem a tad overpriced to some, but it's the cost you have to pay for a perfect set of pearly whites. Think of how it would convenience your life, by having teeth that you would like people to see. There are some people who avoid social gatherings, because they're self-conscious of the gummy portions in their mouth. Therefore, it is advisable to seek assistance and ask reliable dentists what your options are. If you think that it'll be a torturous session, it really won't be. There was a time when pain was a factor, but with technology on the rise, dentistry has new-found ways to deal with this problem.

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Is Dental Implantation Really Safe?

Dental implants are permanent, fixed, non-removable prosthesis that are placed in the patient's mouth to deal with the problem of missing teeth. They consist of a screw which is drilled into the bone, so as to make sure that they stay in their place. The cost of these implants ranges between $1,250 to $3,000 per tooth, and the overall cost can increase to as much as $15,000 if bone regeneration and sinus elevation are required. Of the FAQs about this treatment method, quite a few revolve around its safety―an issue which you need to take into consideration before you opt for it.

Risks Associated with Dental Implants

No procedure done in any clinic is ever risk free. Being one of the most invasive dental treatments available, this procedure, along with its many upsides, has quite a few issues and risks that every patient needs to be made aware of. Given below are the details of these issues and risks that need to be taken into consideration when trying to gauge the safety of this treatment option.

Rejection

The foremost thing that you need to take into consideration whenever you are getting an implant done, is that there is always a chance that the body will not accept it. Any foreign object that is placed in the body, comes with the uncertainty of it being accepted or rejected. These implants are made of titanium, which is supposed to be the most biocompatible element known, and that reduces the chances of rejection by a significant extent. (Titanium is also used in knee and hip replacements.) On the contrary, there is a higher chance of rejection and dental implant failure when the implant procedure is carried out in an environment wherein sterilization is not given importance.

Infection

When an incision is made in the body, it becomes a susceptible point for infection. This, in turn, implies that sterilization is a must during the implant procedure, and not maintaining the same can increase the risk of an infection. In rare cases, the infection can be severe enough to lead to an infection of the jawbone, which can spread easily. Yet another factor that can lead to a problem includes the possible rusting of the implant. Although titanium is water resistant to a great extent, if a person has a habit of drinking coffee or tea very often, then he may run into this risk.

Gap

When an implant is placed in the bone, the crown is not placed immediately, but after a few weeks or months. Although it is not exactly a possible risk when it comes to safety, there is a gap in the oral cavity for a short span of time. In this time, the adjoining teeth can drift into the place where the crown will be placed later. This may not only lead to unnecessary crowding, but also cause problem when it is time to place the crown on the screw of the implant.

Nerve damage

If the implant is being placed in the lower jaw, then there is a chance of some damage being induced to the nerves present in the bone in course of drilling of the bone. However, this is a very rare problem, as usually the proximity of the nerves is gauged on an X-ray taken before initiating the procedure. If it is seen that the nerves are very close to the position where the screw will be placed, then the case is reviewed to find a way of bypassing this problem. Hence, the chances and risk of nerve damage or paresthesia is quite low.

Why to Still go for Dental Implants?

After going through all the possible risks and problems that a person may face if he opts for dental implants, one may start reconsidering this treatment option. The fact, however, is that the chances of these problems are very less; in fact, none, if adequate precautions are taken. If the highest levels of sterilization are maintained, then the chances of rejection or infection are as good as none. Also, an antibiotic cover is usually given when an implant is placed. When adequate precautions are taken, then the chances of complications arising during or after the placement of an implant are reduced by a great extent.

So, it is safe to conclude that this is a treatment option that comes with very few risks, which many dentists and patients will say, are worth taking at the end of the day. That it is the best method of dealing with the problem of missing teeth permanently, also works in its favor. Having said that, if you are still skeptical about the risks associated with dental implants, then you should ask your dentist about them in detail and also inquire about other treatment alternatives that are available for replacing missing teeth in your mouth.

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Traditional Dental Implants Vs. Mini Dental Implants

There are many different ways of replacing lost or fallen teeth. While a removable denture or a bridge are possible options that you have, none of them are as good as dental implants which is said to be one of the most stable and longstanding treatment options for lost or fallen teeth. Dental implants are fast becoming the treatment of choice for many individuals. In this treatment option, a small screw is fitted into the bone, after cutting the gums to gain access and then, a crown is fitted over the screw. This makes implants as close to real teeth as any replaceable option can be, and gives it an edge over bridge. However, technology and innovation seldom go to sleep, and the new variation in this treatment option in the form of mini dental implants - the smaller and miniature versions of traditional implants - highlight this fact very well.

How are Mini Dental Implants Different from Traditional Implants?

A normal dental implant, as mentioned above, consists of a titanium screw that is fitted into the jawbone. Most of these dental implants are about four to five millimeters in diameter. However, mini dental implants are those that have a diameter of less than three millimeters. So, how do they manage to be as good as traditional implants despite being nearly two-thirds their size? Well, the secret lies in the fact that these implants are solid from the inside whereas traditional implants are usually hollow in the middle. Hence, these manage to be just as strong as traditional implants.

There are many apparent advantages of mini dental implants over traditional implants. One of the most commonly quoted factors that draws the favor of dentists and patients alike is the fact that the cost of mini dental implants is nearly half of traditional implants. Therefore, many patients opt for this kind of implant rather than going in for traditional implants, especially considering the fact that it is very difficult to obtain dental insurance for implants.

Another factor that works in favor of mini dental implants is that it is an immediate, one-sitting procedure. Usually, when a traditional implant is placed, the area is incised, bone is drilled, sutures are placed and then there is a waiting period for osseointegration, i.e. some time is given for healing of bone and for it to accept the implant. But when it comes to mini dental implants, this is a single-sitting procedure mainly because it is minimally invasive as compared to its traditional counterpart. This, in turn, can be attributed to the fact that the amount of bone drilled is minimal, and then prosthesis is immediately placed on the implant screw.

Despite all the claims of mini dental implants being the same as traditional implants when it comes to strength, one cannot deny the fact that with minimal bone drilling, the ability of the implant to withstand masticatory forces is compromised. Thus, mini implants are usually opted in cases wherein the load expected on the tooth is within a limit, like for front teeth and in cases of overdentures.

Since mini dental implants are still a relatively new concept - especially when compared to traditional dental implants, there isn't much data to know of the success rate of this treatment option. However, it has been seen that mini dental implants have a higher success rate when they are used only in those regions where the load is not very high. Though they are yet to gain popularity as compared to traditional implants, as even seasoned implantologists are a bit apprehensive about the success rate of this variation in implants.

The debate or rather, the battle of between these dental implants is a never ending one. There are some dentists who have been left embarrassed by the failure of mini dental implants and have had to endure the tirade of their patients for the same, which has made them keep their distance from these implants. On the other hand, some dentists have managed to convince many patients to opt for this cheaper treatment option, and have tasted success with the same.

There are many different factors that influence the success of dental implants, and sterilization, technique, patient health, quality of implant are just a few of them. The decision on which of these two tooth replacement options to choose from. is to be taken by the dentist and patient jointly. So, it is best to discuss all the pros and cons of both traditional and mini dental implants, so that the patient and dentist both ensure that the best possible option is chosen and executed.

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Pros and Cons of Dental Implantation

Due to advancements in the medical field, the average lifespan of people has drastically improved. This has contributed to many periodontal diseases, because human teeth are not made to last for such a long life. As a result, people have to switch to some kind of false tooth alternatives after a certain age. Amongst the various options available, dental implants are particularly preferred for their natural appearance and durability. However, before making a lifetime commitment to dental implants, one needs to consider their advantages and disadvantages.

Procedure

Dental implant procedure is a major surgery in cosmetic dentistry. In this procedure, a titanium implant is drilled in the jawbone, where it is left to fuse with the bone. A false tooth or crown is screwed to the implant with the help of an anchor. As the implant is completely hidden in the jaw, only the crown is visible outside the gum. This gives it a more natural appearance. This procedure is an extensive one, stretching over several weeks. During the consultation session, your dentist will assess your oral health and check if you are a good candidate for dental implants or not. He may even suggest you with other false tooth options and leave the final decision to you. During the surgery session, your dentist only drills the implant in the bone. The implant takes several months to fuse with the bone. Until then, you will be fitted with a temporary false tooth.

Dental Implant Pros and Cons

Now that you have a fair idea about the procedure for dental implant, let me take you through the pros and cons of this dental procedure.

Pros

The biggest advantage of a dental implant is its ability to provide a near natural appearance. It can be effectively used as a treatment for tooth abscesses and other periodontal diseases. People who have lost a healthy tooth during a physical injury or trauma can also benefit from this cosmetic procedure. In addition, it can also be used as a support where adjacent teeth are not healthy. Dental implants are meant to last for a lifetime. They require little or no maintenance during their lifetime. In healthy individuals, success rate of implants can be as high as 98%, provided they take good postoperative care. You have the choice of choosing porcelain or ceramic as material for the crown. Porcelain renders a more natural look and ceramic crowns are pretty inexpensive. Other benefits of implants include ability to chew and eat naturally as well as improved speech. Dentures may slip while eating and may make you mumble due to their instability. However, implants are firm, hence cause absolutely no inconvenience while eating or talking. Besides, dental implants allow you to maintain good oral hygiene as you can brush and floss them normally. All this may contribute towards an improved self esteem.

Cons

Along with the positives, comes the flip side as well. Dental implants may not be a feasible option for everyone. Their very high cost may deter many from seeking this treatment option. Most dental insurances do not provide a coverage for this procedure. Besides, people with weakened jawbone or bone diseases cannot get implants fitted. People who have a habit of grinding their teeth while asleep are also discouraged from getting implants. Even if you are considered a good candidate, you may have to encounter certain postoperative dental implant problems. In some people, implant rejection may occur, in which the jawbone does not allow the implant to fuse, thereby causing infection and discomfort. Similarly, as this is a surgical procedure, your chances of getting swelling, bruising and infection are same as that for any other surgery. In addition, one may have to endure the expense of replacing crowns every 10 to 15 years, as it may get stained and scratched over a period of time. If you have more than one missing tooth, it only makes sense in investing in some other false teeth option such as dentures or bridges.

In short, dental implant is a lengthy, risky and very expensive tooth loss treatment. However, if you turn out to be a good candidate for this treatment, and highest levels of sterilization are maintained, then you will only be dazzled with its brilliant results.

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Cost Assumption for Tooth Replacement

All of us are aware of the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene. Regularly flossing the teeth, brushing the teeth twice a day, and visiting the dentist every six months can certainly lower the risk of tooth decay and various dental problems. Unfortunately, many fail to follow these basic guidelines. As a result, they develop tooth problems. To add to that, they might visit the dentist at a stage where the damage is so extensive that nothing can be done to save the tooth. Under such circumstances, when the tooth cannot be saved by dental fillings or root canal treatment, the affected tooth has to be extracted. The next step that one needs to consider is getting a dental implant. Though dental implants are expensive, they can last a lifetime. Besides these implants, there is also the option of dental bridges. The following sections provide information regarding the options and cost of tooth replacement.

Cost of Dental Implants

Dental implants is one of the best options, when it comes to tooth replacement. In case of a dental implant, a screw is fitted into the jawbone, which is followed by the placement of a prosthesis on top of the screw. The prosthesis acts as the tooth. This procedure requires a lot of skill. The cost of a single dental implant ranges between USD 1500 and USD 5000. The cost could vary, depending on the type of materials used for making the prosthesis. Also, the cost might depend on the location of the clinic and the qualifications of the dentist. If the bone is not in a good condition, and a pre-implant surgical correction is required, the cost is likely to increase. Since dental implants are expensive, it's advisable to check with your insurance company to find out if they will cover the implant cost.

Cost of Dental Bridge

In case of a missing front tooth, one has the option of getting a dental bridge. A bridge is a prosthesis that uses the support of adjacent teeth. The two adjacent teeth (abutment teeth) need to be contoured, which involves the removal of a portion of the enamel. This will create space for the placement of a crown over these teeth. Thereafter, the dentist takes the impressions of the teeth, which are then used for making the dental bridge, pontic (false tooth that takes the place of the missing tooth), and crowns. A temporary bridge will be used by the patient to protect the exposed teeth and gums while the bridge is being made. The crowns that are placed on the abutment teeth provide support to the pontic tooth. The cost of a dental bridge for a single tooth ranges between USD 700 and USD 1500. The cost would vary, depending on the type of material (metal or ceramic) used to fabricate the bridge. At times, an acrylic or porcelain metal bridge may be used, with porcelain facing over the areas that are visible. The pure ceramic bridge will cost more. Since a pure ceramic bridge is preferred for missing front teeth, cost of front teeth replacement is often higher than the cost of replacing missing molars.

Post and Core

In this treatment option, the root of the missing teeth needs to be intact even if the crown is missing. In this case, the missing tooth structure is replaced before making a new dental crown. The core can be made from dental amalgam (metal filling material) or dental composite (tooth bonding). If more than half of the tooth structure is missing, a post is needed to anchor the core to the tooth. The cost for a post and core treatment for a single tooth will range between USD 300 and USD 500, which is lesser as compared to a bridge or implant. However, there are many factors that need to be considered when going in for a post and core. For examples, the cost would increase if one has to undergo root canal treatment. Also, a post and core is a relatively delicate option, so if you are reckless with your prosthesis, you will invariably land back in the dental chair for repair work, which will again add to the overall cost of tooth replacement.

On a concluding note, a dental implant costs more than other options. However, it could last for a longer duration, provided you get the procedure done by an experienced dentist/periodontist. So, ask your dentist about the options available, so that you can make an informed decision. Opt for a prosthesis that suits your requirements and budget the best.

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Bone Grafting For Dental Implantation

While considering a dental implant for a patient, the dentist has to check whether the patient's jawbone can support the newly implanted tooth properly. A reduction in the volume of the jawbone is possible due to many factors like, gum disease, injury, infection, etc. If the patient had lost the tooth long back and now wants a dental implant, it is possible that the bone has eroded with time and is incapable of supporting an implanted tooth. The reduced volume of the jawbone may make the dental implantation unsuccessful. Thus, it is necessary to check if bone grafting is needed, before the actual implantation of the tooth.

What is Bone Grafting for Dental Implant?

Bone grafting is a technique for increasing the volume of the missing or eroded bone. In dental implant, a new tooth is set in the patient's jaw. The proper volume of supporting bone is a necessity for success of this procedure. A dental implant may fail if the dentist discovers that the supporting bone is reduced in the middle of the implant surgery. So, the first step before starting the procedure is to check the volume of the supporting jawbone and to perform a bone grafting if the jawbone is missing/ reduced. Bone grafting for dental implants, in simple words, is harvesting a jawbone that will help in support the implanted tooth. The source of the bone used, decides the type of bone grafting procedure. Following are various types of bone grafting procedures for dental implants:

Autogenous

This procedure uses the bone taken from the patient's body. It gives the best result amongst all types since the bone used is natural and has cells that will grow easily. Usually the bones present in the chin or in the rear part of the jaw are used for grafting; however, in rare cases, the bone is taken from a part, other than the patient's mouth, like the hip bone. When part of the hip bone is used for harvesting, the patient needs to be hospitalized. The patient is anesthetized, and the physician removes a part of hip bone by surgery. Using this bone, the dentist will create a platform at the site of dental implant.

Allograft

This procedure uses a cadaver bone or synthetic bone. There are bone banks that provide these cadaver bones for grafting purposes. These bones are not directly used for bone grafting. Before using these bones, they are sterilized and tested for suitability with the patient's body.

Alloplastic

This procedure uses synthetic material such as calcium phosphate for bone formation. The use of synthetic material stimulates the body to form a natural bone at the site of dental implant.

Xenograft

This procedure uses animal bones, like a cow bone. The bones are sterilized and processed to make them compatible with the patient's body. They act as fillers since the patient's body will gradually convert them into natural bones.

Sinus lift graft and block bone graft are other two techniques used for dental implant. Both these methods use a different way of harvesting the bone. Once the grafting is done, it will take months (6 months to one year) for the grafted bone to blend with the natural bone. The dentist will monitor the bone graft at regular intervals and ensure that the healing is as expected. Once the dentist finds that the bone is completely harvested, it is now capable of supporting the implanted tooth, and dental implant can be performed. Although the entire procedure is lengthy and painful, it is important to ensure a successful dental implant.

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Dental Implants Insurance Coverage

Tooth loss may occur because of tooth decay, gum disease, accidents, congenital defects, excessive wear and tear, and root canal failure. A dental implant is an artificial replacement for a lost tooth. In fact, it is considered the best form of replacement. It uses titanium which fuses with the jawbone preventing bone loss. This process is called osseointegration. It is a permanent but expensive prosthetic solution.

Dental Implants Vs Cheaper Alternatives

Removable dentures and dental bridges are the commonly suggested cheaper alternatives to tackle the problem of tooth loss. The latter generally lasts for 5 to 7 years and even longer with good oral hygiene, and are recommended in case fewer teeth need to be replaced. They use the adjacent teeth for support and may damage the teeth that act as anchors. They may fail in case the person suffers from gum disease. Whereas the former rests on the gum and may result in bone loss in the area where the tooth is missing. They are not a permanent solution, and are a source of embarrassment to some people.

The cost of a basic implant is somewhere between USD 1,250 and USD 3,000. However, depending upon the complexity of the situation, the total cost can be as much as USD 30,000. Compared to this, a traditional bridge costs between USD 500 and 900 (per tooth). Hence, the need for insurance arises.

Insurance Coverage

In the US, only 53% of the population has dental health coverage. Considering the exorbitant cost of dental care, this is a must. However, a dental insurance policy does not include all the necessary procedures. According to the Least Expensive Alternative Treatment (LEAT) clause, the insurance company is expected to pay for the treatment with the least cost. Moreover, dental implants also fall under the category of cosmetic dentistry. Hence, the company may not cover them. In some cases, the company may agree to pay a portion of the bill, leaving the remaining cost of the procedure to be borne by the individual seeking treatment. Some providers offer a cover with an exclusion period of 1 year. Even if the provider agrees to cover the cost, the waiting period is very long. All these issues make dental implants a prohibitively expensive procedure, both in terms of money and time. Fortunately, there are ways of working around this problem.

Cost-effective Methods

• Seeking Treatment Outside the US: The cost of traveling to a foreign country to seek medical treatment is a surprisingly affordable option. In fact, in Romania, a dental implant is available for as low as USD 500. The entire procedure, including travel expenses, would add up to less than one-third of the cost of the procedure in the US.
• Approaching a Dental School: This is not a bad option for people who are in desperate need of treatment. A dental school may be willing to perform the procedure even for free, as a part of their research studies. Of course, the problem should be interesting and complicated enough to compel the school to handle the case.
• Cosmetic Alternatives: Sometimes, women opt for implants to show more teeth while speaking or laughing. Those with small teeth generally face this problem. Injecting collagen into the lips can help achieve the same goal at a lower price.

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Problems That Lead To Dental Implantation

A dental implant refers to permanent replacement of a missing tooth, or a damaged tooth with an artificial one. The replaced tooth resembles and functions like the real tooth. In comparison to the several restorative options for tooth loss, such as dentures and bridges, dental implants are considered to be the most functionally effective and durable procedures. Advantages of the same include high esthetics, stability, comfort, and convenience.

Very often, dentists recommend dental implants in conjunction with another procedure to increase their effectiveness. Let's discuss in brief, the dental implant procedure and its possible complications.

Procedural Information

When speaking about the procedure for dental implant, know that it is performed in successive stages. Preoperative implant diagnostic imaging has a vital role to assay in order to further the procedure. Sophisticated imaging techniques evaluate the quality and the angulation of the bone, determine the correctness of the site that calls for an implant, verify the suitability of the implant for the particular case, and if a preimplantation ridge surgery is required. Imaging procedures include panoramic radiology, cone-beam computed tomography, and computed tomography. Advanced imaging techniques are adopted, postoperatively to diagnose any discrepancy in the implant; i.e., the implant has osseointegrated, or the implant is not positioned appropriately courtesy of which, the procedure maybe deemed unsuccessful.

The surgery involves safely placing the implant -- made up of titanium -- in a predrilled socket in the jawbone and fixing the abutment for support. The complete process may take somewhere about 2 to 3 weeks, or as long as 3 to 9 months depending upon the implant type and general health of the jawbone. As per the statistics, the success rate of dental implants over a 5-year study period is about 95% for the lower jaw and 90% for the upper jaw. Nevertheless, similar to other surgical procedures, some complications do exist with this dental surgery.

Problems and Complications

The dental implant procedure is performed for replacing one or many teeth. While it is considered to be a better alternative to other teeth-restorative options, mild to moderate complications are reported by candidates, who have received dental implants. In some candidates, the problems are related to rejection of the implants by the jawbone, or they fail to osseointegrate with the jawbone. Following are some of the problems of dental implants that may develop after completion of the process.

☛ Peri-implantitis

Peri-implantitis or periimplantitis is one of the major reasons for dental implant failure. It is caused due to bacterial, or other microbial infection at the surgery site. The symptoms are manifested as swelling and inflammation of the tissues that surround the dental implants. In severe cases, peri-implantitis may lead to gradual damage of the jawbone.

☛ Tissue Injury and Damage

Like other invasive surgeries, a dental implant procedure may cause injury and/or damage to the tissues in the adjacent area. It is reported as a common problem accompanied with dental implants. The affected area usually swells temporarily, which becomes normal within a few days. Proper care should be taken to prevent infection at the implantation site.

☛ Loose Dental Implants

Loose implant is another complication that prospective candidates should be aware of. It results due to improper placement of the implant in the jawbone, or if the implant fails to integrate with the jawbone. At times, the implanted artificial tooth made up of titanium may break at the site. If such is the case, replacement of the dental implant should be done as soon as possible.

☛ Nerve Damage

Another dental implant problem is nerve damage at the insertion site. It is caused due to placement of the implant being very close to the nerve or, at times, over the nerve. Nerve damage causes unbearable pain, particularly if the artificial tooth is positioned directly over the nerve. In such a case, the patient should report this to the concerned dentist, immediately. The dentist may remove the implant (if necessary), and replace it.

☛ Sinus Problems

Sinus problems after dental implants is often exhibited when the implantation procedure carried out is meant for the upper jaw. What happens in such a case is, the implant disturbs some of the sinus cavities, resulting in sinus-related symptoms. To address this complication, the dentist may conduct the surgery again to replace the implant.

☛ Implant Integration Failure

A major risk encountered by the patient is based on the incompatibility between implants and the receptive bone. To avoid a condition of this ilk, the dentist studies the density of the jawbone so as to understand if it is strong enough to resist the surgery. If this is not done and the implants fail to integrate, they may not function the way they are supposed to; i.e., they may become loose and as a result, over a period, may dislodge themselves completely. If the surgery is unsuccessful at first, the procedure is repeated once the patient recovers, and the condition of the jaw has improved.

☛ Dental Implant Decrowning

This is an issue, closely connected with implant integration failure. The implant if crowned may loosen and cause it to be exposed. It may also be possible that the protection served by the crown to the implanted tooth suffers damage and comes off, thereby affecting the longevity of the integration surgery as well.

☛ Paresthesia

This condition is marked by the numbness experienced by the neighboring regions as a consequence of implantation. The nerve may have been injured due to the procedure, hence the numbness. The condition must not last long; however, if it does, do not hesitate to call your dentist.

☛ Dental Implant Failure

A rare cause for failure of this dental procedure is fixing of two teeth over one implant. Like the configuration of natural teeth, one tooth should be positioned over one implant to achieve satisfactory results. Also, the risk of failure is a bit higher amongst those, who opted for immediate loading surgery (loading of the implant, shortly after tooth extraction).

Risk Factors

There are certain factors that place the individual in a high-risk zone, where occurrence of complications is concerned. Those who smoke or drink are at a potential risk of developing an infection. Besides, the time taken to rehabilitate post implantation maybe longer than what is ideally necessary. A weak immune system may also be considered an active cause for pupating infection in the teeth post surgery.

Aftercare Guidelines

• Within a day or two of the surgery, mild bleeding in the operated area maybe observed. This is no unusual an occurrence. For this, use a gauze pad over the affected site for 20 to 30 minutes.
• For candidates who have been through the dental implant procedure, adopting good oral hygiene is a prerequisite. Failure to do so, increases the risk of infection at the surgery site.
• While chewing food, don't put pressure on the newly loaded implant. Increased stress may result in fracture of the abutment and broken implant screws.
• During the healing period and afterwards, avoid drinks containing caffeine and tobacco products. They not only stain the implants, but also lengthen the recovery time.
• After the procedure, go for follow-up visits regularly or at least once in every 6 months. This is to ensure optimal functioning of the implants (like real teeth).
• In order to get prompt results out of dental implant surgery, a prospective candidate should consult an experienced dentist about the pros and cons of the procedure.

Thus, after the surgery, follow the necessary lifestyle changes in terms of diet, eating habits, and personal hygiene as prescribed by the concerned dentist.

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Average of Dental Implants Will Cost You

Dental implants are one of the most sought after treatment options for missing teeth. Implants can also be used to support dentures (as in over-dentures). The dental implant procedure makes use of titanium screws that are fitted into drilled sockets in the jawbone. Prosthetic crowns are then placed on top of the screws. This procedure is to be followed by continuous and meticulous dental care to ensure its success. It is an extremely effective and convenient one-time treatment option, which helps to do away with removable partial dentures and bridges altogether. Most patients and dentists prefer opting for implants for one or two missing teeth (provided the bone density is at an optimum level). Normally, the cost of a basic implant would range from $1200 to $3000. However, depending on various other procedures involved, the price can shoot up to $30,000! The different factors responsible for the rise in spending include the cost of the material, dentist's charges and laboratory charges.

Factors Affecting the Average Cost of Dental Implants

Information about the factors influencing the expenditure on these procedure can be found in short, in the following paragraphs.

Number of implants

The cost can vary depending on the number of implants that are being fitted into a patient's mouth. More the number, greater is the cost.

Type of implants

The cost can vary depending on the type of implant screw used. There are three kinds of screws available - conventional one is the root form implant, where the implant resembles root of the tooth being replaced. In case of narrow jawbones, a plate-form implant is placed. And if there is deficient bone height, then using the subperiosteal implant proves to be a wise option. So, depending on the type of implant being used, the cost can differ. Let us now get into the details of types of prosthesis, bone graft and surgical procedures through subsequent paragraphs.

Type of bone graft used

The cost can also vary depending on the kind and amount of dental implant bone grafting done and the material used.

Type of prosthesis

The type of final prosthesis (crown) fitted on top of the screw can be made only after specific shade matching and other meticulous procedures, thereby increasing the average cost.

Surgical procedures prior to implants

Some patients may need to get surgical procedures done prior to fitting implants; examples of such procedures include the bone regeneration procedures, removal of any fibrous growths which may be present, or any other unanticipated problems that may crop up during the final implant fitting surgical procedure. All these procedures further add to the cost.

These are just a few factors which affect the average cost of implants. The dental implants are normally not covered under dental insurance, as they fall under cosmetic dentistry, hence, the patient may have to bear the cost all by himself. There are however, few insurance companies that agree to cover part of the treatment cost. A cheaper alternative could be availing of dental tourism. Many countries like India and Mexico are well-known for their cheap, yet quality dental services.

If a dentist is offering you an extremely low-priced implant, there might be more to it than meets the eye, as there is a plethora of dental implant failure causes. All said and done, one needs to do his or her homework to ensure that he/she is availing the right kind of implants at the right price.

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Healthy Diet for Low Blood Sugar Levels

When the blood glucose level falls lower than normal the condition is known as hypoglycemia. Certain diseases like some kinds of tumors and liver disease cause a certain type, known as organic hypoglycemia, which usually need surgical or medical treatment. However, there is another kind, which affects some people in whom the body responds in a different manner when food is digested. Some types of foods are digested as well as absorbed swiftly, which results in a sharp spike of glucose in the bloodstream. While the body adjusts quite smoothly to this spike in most people, in some people there is an over-reaction, and a process is set off to lower the blood glucose, resulting in a sharp drop in the blood glucose level. This causes many people to suffer from low blood sugar. Such individuals should follow a diet that helps maintain their blood sugar levels. The information provided in the following paragraphs, will help you change your diet and manage your blood sugar levels.

Hypoglycemia in People with Diabetes

There are two types of hypoglycemia; one that is related to diabetes and one that occurs in people who do not have diabetes. Low blood sugar occurs when the blood sugar levels drop significantly. The main source of glucose is carbohydrate-rich food. When a person skips meals, undergoes rigorous physical activity or takes in a lot of alcoholic beverages, it may result in low blood sugar. The body begins to breakdown the stored reserves of glucose in order to produce energy. People with diabetes tend to take medications and injections that helps lower their blood sugar levels. In some cases, diabetics tend to suffer from side effects of diabetes medications. The oral diabetes medications and insulin injections cause the blood sugar levels to drop significantly.

People often complain of low sugar, during their sleep. These people may find themselves having nightmares, excessive perspiration and may wake up feeling excessively tired, confused or disoriented. Other symptoms include feeling excessively hungry, nervous, dizzy, confused, difficulty speaking, anxiety and weakness.

Diet for Diabetics Suffering from Hypoglycemia

People with low blood sugar should speak to a qualified dietician and plan their low blood sugar diet. However, there is no hard and fast rule when it comes down to hypoglycemic diet. The basic idea is that you should eat food at the correct time to avoid feeling faint and weak. Let us have a look at foods for low blood sugar patients.

• Carbohydrates should not be eliminated from the diet. Instead, the consumption of complex carbohydrates should be increased. Complex carbohydrates are absorbed at a slower rate compared to simple carbohydrates and hence do not cause the quick fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Some of the complex carbohydrates are legumes, vegetables, whole grain rice, pasta, cereals and breads.
• Stay away from foods comprising simple carbohydrates like soda pop, pastries, cookies, cakes, candy, pies, molasses, honey, table sugar, jellies, and jams.
• Increase the consumption of high fiber foods. Fiber is the undigested part of grains, legumes, vegetables and fruits. When these foods are eaten the carbohydrate is absorbed more slowly, thus preventing the sharp spikes and lows of blood sugar that is a characteristic condition. Some of the sources of soluble and insoluble fiber are whole grains such as cereals, bran, brown rice, and wheat; vegetables like cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage; root vegetables like potatoes, sweet potatoes, carrots, and beetroots; fruits like apples, strawberries, and citrus fruits; dried beans, peas and other legumes.
• Instead of drinking fruit juice, it is better to eat the whole fruit, whether fresh or canned. The fiber in the fruit slows down the absorption of sugar.
• It is advisable to have smaller meals interspersed with snacks.
• It is best to avoid beverages and foods that contain caffeine because it causes similar symptoms, thus worsening your condition.
• Alcoholic beverages should be avoided, as alcohol causes a drop in blood sugar levels, especially if taken on an empty stomach.
• It is advisable to get your body weight down to optimum levels according to your height, as excessive weight can hinder the body's ability of using insulin.

Types of Hypoglycemia not Related to Diabetes

There are two types of hypoglycemia that can affect individuals without diabetes. The first type is reactive hypoglycemia, also called the postprandial hypoglycemia. This occurs when the body over-reacts to the increase in blood glucose level, within 1-4 hours after meal. The other type includes fasting hypoglycemia. It is also known as postabsorptive hypoglycemia. This condition is often connected to an underlying disease like liver disorder.

Hypoglycemic Diet for Non-Diabetics

When there is a fall in the blood glucose level, the consumption of carbohydrate containing foods can increase it back up, hence a snack or a meal should be eaten. Some people think that eating a candy bar or drinking a sweet carbonated beverage is the obvious solution. However, these foods are made up of simple sugar, which will cause a spike in the blood glucose level and a corresponding sharp fall, thus resulting again in low blood glucose.

A better choice would be eating foods that comprise complex carbohydrates such as cereal, bread, soft pretzel, bagels, or whole grain crackers. The body derives glucose from foods that are made of complex carbohydrate for a longer time period, therefore there is less fluctuations in the blood glucose level. For example, any food made with grain, such as whole wheat bread along with cheese, or any other protein-cum-fat food, is the best combination to eat if you have a tendency for hypoglycemia. This is because the protein and fat slow down the process of digesting the carbohydrate, thus stabilizing the blood glucose level in the body.

The protein-cum-fat food includes half a peanut sandwich on bread with some raw carrots. Low fat cheese eaten along with whole grain crackers will also suffice. You should eat some plain yogurt mixed with fresh fruits to bring up your blood sugar levels. Other foods for blood sugar fluctuations include low-fat milk with banana, half an apple with half cheese slice along with whole wheat bread.

Good Foods for Low Blood Sugar

The following list consists of food for low blood sugar. You can try to include these foods in your diet and overcome low blood sugar. These foods are rich in proteins, good fats, complex carbs and fibrous carbohydrates.

• All types of beans
• Broccoli
• Brussels sprouts
• Cabbage
• Carrots
• Cauliflower
• Celery
• Cucumbers
• Lean meats and poultry (beef, chicken and turkey)
• Lettuce
• Mushrooms
• Nut butters (peanut butter)
• Nuts
• Onions
• Peppers
• Plain yogurt
• Protein powders
• Spinach
• Vegetables
• Water
• Whole grains

It is important that you eat more than three meals a day. You should munch on something healthy every 3 hours to maintain your blood sugar levels. Include complex carbohydrates, proteins, low-fat and high fiber foods in your diet. If you suspect your blood sugar level dropping, immediately eat some complex carbohydrate food. It is dangerous if your blood sugar levels drop below 70 mg/dL. The aim of a hypoglycemia diet is to slow down the absorption of food. Speak to a healthcare expert or a dietitian for advise before starting any type of diet for low blood sugar.

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Fatigue and Constant Headaches

Fatigue may cause you to suffer frequent headaches. If you try to cure headaches without treating the fatigue, it won't solve your dilemma. You may overcome headaches to some extent by consuming painkillers, but it would offer only temporary relief. These types of headaches are called secondary headaches. The following factors may be behind your headaches and fatigue.

Diseases

The diseases, such as adrenal fatigue, diabetes, borderline anemia, sleep disorder, candida or hypothyroidism, can be the cause of your predicament. It is found that almost 80% of Americans have suffered from adrenal fatigue at some point in their life. It may be that the health issues you are suffering from is due to a disease called hypoglycemia because of which your blood sugar level is always low.

Other Factors

Conditions such as anxiety and hypersensitivity are taxing on you. They can make your heart to beat faster and make you sweat. These conditions can leave you physically and emotionally drained. Bit by bit, these can take its toll on you and become the cause of the constant headaches and fatigue.

# Constipation: It could prevent the elimination of toxic substances from your body. This can lead to the buildup of toxic wastes and increased demands on the resources of the body.

# Dehydration: There are times when you feel dehydrated and if the color of urine is yellow, then it is cause for worry. Almost all body processes depend on the water present in the body. Functioning of the brain may also be affected, due to decreased levels of water in our body.

# Computer: If your work involves reading from the computer screen for better part of your working day, then it may lead to eye-strain. It can drain you of energy and contribute to the fatigue, which can lead to headaches. In this case, doing some simple eye exercises can help.

# Menopause: Several women going through menopause feel fatigued and want nothing but to relax. It is as if the chemical changes that are taking place in their bodies are draining all of their energy. During this period these women may also suffer from headaches.

Psychological Problems

It may be that you're feeling down or emotionally drained due to some personal problem. It may be that you are not achieving your personal goals, or it may be due to loss of a near and dear one, which is the cause of your psychological problem. Such situations can be demanding and may be the cause of you are suffering.

Stress

Researchers have found that the environment at the workplace of an individual can be a cause of fatigue. It may be that your work is too demanding and in order to achieve targets, you are working extra hours, losing your sleep and social life. Such kind of situation may make you feel totally dried up and lonely. If this is the cause of your health problem, you may be suffering from work stress or job stress.

Lifestyle

On the other hand, your problems may be of your own making. It is possible that you love to be on the Internet all night, which may cause you to lose your natural sleep. You may be having problems, in the form of smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, which can drain your pocket, as well as self-esteem. The feeling of guilt and pressure or stress that may be a part of your lifestyle, can be the cause for frequent headaches and fatigue.

To start off, you can try to organize your lifestyle, working pattern that would allow you the time to relax. If you could prioritize your work and really stick to it successfully, then you can use the spare time to socialize and recharge yourself.

Exercises, yoga, and meditations can help you achieve relaxation. However, if you still suffer from these ailments after exercise, it is better that you take professional advice. You may consult your doctor about your condition. Eating a healthy and balanced diet will surely help you deal with it. You may also try diet for chronic fatigue, to relieve your problem.

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Early Stage, Signs and Symtoms of Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic ailment, characterized by an increased sugar level in the blood. It is caused due to abnormal metabolism of the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin regulates the metabolic process of sugar in the body. It induces the body cells to take up glucose from the blood, for using it as a source of energy. This function of insulin is disturbed in a diabetic patient. Hence, sugar remains in the blood, resulting in high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) and associated symptoms.

Three Types of Diabetes

It is estimated that about 8.3 percent Americans have diabetes. In fact, it is identified as one of the leading causes of death, after cancer and heart disease. Diabetes is classified into three major types, depending upon the etiology, viz. type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. While the health effects accompanied with high blood sugar remain the same, actual symptoms differ slightly according the type of diabetes. Hence, to get a better understanding about the same, a brief explanation about the three diabetes types is given below.

Type 1 Diabetes

About 10-15 percent of diabetes patients are diagnosed with this type. Type 1 diabetes is caused due to damage of beta cells of the pancreas, which results in little or no production of insulin. Previously, it was thought to affect only children and hence, it is referred to as juvenile diabetes or childhood diabetes. Since a patient of type 1 diabetes requires insulin injections daily, it is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes

In contrary to the type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes is known as insulin-independent diabetes or adult-onset diabetes. It is the most common type of diabetes, accounting to about 85-90 percent of all the cases. In this diabetes type, either the body cells do not respond properly to insulin (though hormone secretion is normal) or there is insufficient insulin. It is often associated with obesity and a less active lifestyle.

Gestational Diabetes

This form of diabetes is similar to type 2 diabetes, but occurs exclusively in pregnant women. Also known as carbohydrate intolerance, it is caused either due to hormonal changes or shortage of insulin during pregnancy. Usually, the sugar level becomes normal or near normal after the birth of the baby. In case, the symptoms persist then there is a high chance of developing type 2 diabetes in a later period.

Early Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes

A few symptoms of diabetes are manifested in the early stage (or prediabetes phase). Hence, about one-third of people who have diabetes remain unaware of the high blood sugar level. When the early signs of diabetes are present, they are often confused with symptoms of other health problems. Let's look into some of the warming signs of diabetes.

• A common sign exhibited in the early stages of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is frequent urination (polyuria). Since the glucose in the blood increases above the normal level, filtration by kidneys is incomplete. This also hampers water absorption by the kidneys, resulting in frequent urination.
• Due to increase in the frequency of urination, the body losses excessive fluid. Ultimately, dehydration occurs, causing increased thirst (polydipsia). If one is drinking more fluid than the usual amount, and the number of urination is increased, either type 1 or type 2 diabetes is suspected.
• Another warning sign of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is increased appetite. One of the functions of insulin is stimulating hunger. Since, the body starts secreting more insulin to lower glucose level in the bloodstream, it is obvious to experience increased hunger (polyphagia).
• A patient who is in the prediabetes stage suffers from unusual weight loss, even without trying. This is caused due to excessive loss of sugar in the urine. The body starts using muscular proteins and fats as its source of energy, resulting in weight loss. This symptom is typical of type 1 diabetes.
• In a person with prediabetes, excess sugar is found in the blood and not in the cells. As the body cells are deprived of the main energy source - glucose, the patient feels increased fatigue at most of the time. Physical ability is lowered and the patient gets tired very easily.
• Vision problem is reported in patients of type 2 diabetes. Increase in the blood sugar levels leads to change in the shape of the eye lenses. Over time, this results in poor focusing power and blurred vision in patients.
• A type 2 diabetic patient suffers from frequent yeast and skin infections. Unchecked high sugar brings about damage to the nerves, causing neuropathy symptoms (numbness in the extremities). In addition, cuts and wounds take longer period to heal.

It has been found that the immune system of a diabetic patient is low, as compared to a healthy person. This may be due to presence of elevated glucose in the blood, which in turn hampers the proper functioning of white blood cells (leukocytes). Thus, overall defense mechanism of the body gets disturbed and the person experiences frequent yeast infection, skin infection, accompanied with slow healing of bruises. As far as early signs of gestational diabetes are concerned, it seldom produces notable signs. The expecting mother rarely feels polyuria and polydipsia.

In case, a person experiences any of the above mentioned warning signs, he/she should go for blood glucose test right away. Seeking advice from a health specialist for proper diagnosis is necessary. Doing so will help in delaying the onset or even control this chronic ailment. The doctor may suggest lifestyle changes and diet modification to keep the blood sugar level under control.

Remember that an untreated diabetes can lead to serious health problems such as diabetic retinopathy (eye disease), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage), kidney disease and kidney failure. Impotency in men and vaginal dryness in women afflicted with type 2 diabetes are also not uncommon. Along with changes in the lifestyle and diet, regular checking of blood sugar is a must. This helps in confirming, whether the treatment approaches are working or not.

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Insulin Shock Vs. Diabetic Coma

Diabetes is a life-threatening disease that affects lots of people annually. A diabetic is susceptible to many complications, like abnormal changes in the blood pressure, strokes, heart and vision problems, etc. Hypoglycemia or insulin shock as it is sometimes referred, and diabetic coma are also common diabetes complications. In this article we are going to discuss both diabetic coma and insulin shock in detail to clearly understand the difference between them.

Insulin Shock

Insulin shock is also called hypoglycemia, and it is usually seen in diabetic patients. Basically, extreme low levels of sugar in the blood causes an insulin shock. For the body to function in the right way, a normal sugar level should be maintained. Fluctuations in the blood sugar level causes many complications. The sugar level should not go too high or too low. The pancreas secrete a hormone called insulin, that maintains the levels of glucose or sugar in the blood. Insulin then stimulates the cells to supply glucose in the blood to various organs in the body. In hypoglycemia too much insulin is secreted by the pancreas, and this leads to lowered blood sugar level (a blood sugar level below 70mg/dL is considered low). Hypoglycemia can also occur if you are taking excess diabetes medications or are eating food that is low on carbohydrates.

The common symptoms are abnormal increase in the heartbeat rate, weakness, uneasiness and discomfort, vision problems like blurry vision, headache, feeling of extreme hunger, facing trouble while sleeping, tingling in hands and feet, and fainting. Extreme case of hypoglycemia that causes seizures, hallucinations, and coma is referred as an insulin shock. Severe hypoglycemia is a medical emergency, and should be treated immediately as it can cause permanent damage to the nervous system. Treating the person with glucose injections is one of the ways to treat it.

Diabetic Coma

Diabetic coma can be considered a complication of hypoglycemia or insulin shock. But it can also occur when the level of the sugar in the blood is too high. In a diabetic coma the person goes unconscious, and stops responding to the stimuli around him. It is a medical emergency, and can prove fatal in case it is left untreated. Extreme fluctuations in the blood sugar level (either too high or too low) is the chief reason for a diabetic coma. Other causes are diabetic ketoacidosis (that is muscle cells do not get enough energy), and Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome (that is the blood sugar levels cross as high as 600 mg/dL). People with diabetes (type 1 or type 2) are at a risk of diabetes coma. High consumption of alcohol, skipping insulin injections, certain injuries and trauma, and drug abuse are also the risk factors.

The symptoms differ according to the cause. If it is high blood sugar, the symptoms are increase in thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. If the cause is low blood sugar, the symptoms are feeling of tiredness, profuse sweating, unexplained hunger, and confusion. The treatment depends on its cause, that is high blood sugar or low blood sugar. If the cause is high blood sugar, injections of insulin and certain diet changes may help. In case of low blood sugar, glucose injections may prove to be useful.

Summary

In a gist, both diabetic coma and insulin shock are diabetes complications. Insulin shock has diabetic coma as one of its complications. If low blood sugar level is the cause for diabetic coma, the symptoms of both, diabetic coma and insulin shock are the same. To prevent both these complications, strictly following the diet and doctor's advice is necessary. Diabetes is a disease, which if is not properly cared for can turn fatal. Strictly following doctor's advice and doing a good level of exercise helps.

Hope this article was helpful in understanding all about diabetic coma as compared to insulin shock. As said earlier, to prevent both these conditions a good diet and lifestyle has to be maintained. Stay safe.

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Symptoms of Insulin Shock

Insulin shock refers to a severe episode of diabetic hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is characterized by low blood sugar level. The normal range for blood sugar level is 70 to 150 mg/dL. Generally, mild episodes of diabetic hypoglycemia can be reversed easily, with the intake of sugar or glucose.

However, an acute and severe case of insulin shock can result in loss of consciousness and diabetic coma, which may prove fatal at times. Therefore, severe hypoglycemia or insulin shock is considered a medical emergency, which if not treated on time, may lead to seizures and permanent brain damage. Insulin shock is also known by the name of diabetic shock. Below here is a brief discussion about the causes, symptoms and treatment for this condition.

What Causes Insulin Shock?

Insulin shock is generally experienced by diabetic patients, especially the patients of type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the insufficient production of insulin, which is a hormone produced by the pancreas. This hormone is crucial for the absorption of glucose, by the body cells and tissues from the bloodstream. So, it helps lower the level of glucose or sugar in blood.

Insulin shock is caused by the presence of too much insulin in the blood, or too little glucose in the bloodstream, which can be due to slow release of glucose into the bloodstream or its rapid use by the body cells. Taking too much insulin or diabetes medicines, is the most common cause of insulin shock. Sometimes, skipping a meal or not eating enough, excessive exercising without replenishing the lost energy with additional food, exercising at a different time than usual, and excessive alcohol consumption without eating, can also cause insulin shock.

In fact, the level of blood sugar can also be affected by stress and certain illnesses. A condition known as gastroparesis or delayed emptying of the stomach, can cause the blood sugar level to fluctuate. The rate of gastric emptying is not predictable in people with gastroparesis, which can make the blood sugar level erratic and difficult to control. Moreover, certain health problems, and drugs can change the body's need for insulin. Therefore, it is essential to visit a physician periodically to adjust the dosage of insulin and other diabetes medications.

Insulin Shock Symptoms

The symptoms of diabetic hypoglycemia can be classified into three categories, the early or mild symptoms, moderate symptoms, and the severe symptoms. Brain is the first organ to be affected by a sudden drop in the level of blood sugar. Brain needs glucose to carry out its various functions and hence, a decrease in the level of sugar in the bloodstream, can impair the brain functions. This in turn, can manifest in several symptoms. The early signs and symptoms of diabetic hypoglycemia, which can be considered the warning signs of insulin shock are:

• Excessive sweating
• Hunger
• Dizziness
• Shakiness
• Irritability or moodiness
• Anxiety or nervousness
• Rapid heartbeat

The moderate symptoms of this condition are:

• Increased tiredness or weakness
• Headaches
• Confusion
• Poor coordination

When the level of blood sugar drops to a significant level, the following severe symptoms can be experienced.

• Blurred vision
• Slurred speech
• Drowsiness
• Clumsiness or jerky movements
• Convulsions or seizures

If not treated on time, insulin shock may eventually result in loss of consciousness, diabetic coma, and even death, if there is a significant reduction in the level of blood sugar.

Sometimes, diabetic hypoglycemia can occur during the night, while you are sleeping. This condition can produce the following symptoms:

• Damp clothes and bed sheets due to excessive perspiration
• Nightmares
• Waking up tired, confused and irritable

Treatment for Insulin Shock

Mild cases of diabetic hypoglycemia can be treated immediately with the oral intake of glucose. This can help reverse a mild case of insulin shock. Glucose can be taken as fruit juice, glucose tablets, or candies. However, if oral intake of glucose is not possible, due to loss of consciousness or seizure, then glucose has to be administered intravenously.

But, severe hypoglycemia or insulin shock, can require the injection of glucagon hormone, that can counteract the actions of insulin and increase the level of blood glucose. This hormone is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which is known as glycogenolysis.

Preventive Measures

• Avoid the habit of skipping a meal.
• Always carry candies or glucose tablets with you.
• Follow the guidelines given by your doctor, regarding the use of diabetes medications.
• Be sure to take only the recommended dose of the particular diabetes medication.
• Learn more about the diabetes medications. Find out whether you are using insulin or a medication, that increases the production of insulin in your body.
• Be sure to eat properly while doing any strenuous physical activity or exercise.
• If you drink alcohol, then discuss with your doctor, how to drink safely without increasing the risk for insulin shock. Do not drink alcohol in an empty stomach.
• Check your blood sugar level routinely, as suggested by your physician.
• Wear a medical ID bracelet or card, that identifies you as a diabetic patient and contains instructions regarding what to do in an emergency, if you become unconscious.

Apart from following these preventive measures, it is also important to have a proper understanding about the symptoms and warning signs of insulin shock, so that they can be identified at the right moment, for ensuring prompt treatment of the condition. If not treated on time, insulin shock can lead to some life-threatening complications.

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Hypoglycemia Signs and Symptoms

Understanding Hypoglycemia

Glucose or blood sugar is the main content of our body, supplying us with energy. Carbohydrates found in vegetables, grains and fruits, are broken down into glucose in the digestive system. Glucose is the simple form of sugar that is present in our blood. The pancreas secrete insulin into the blood stream to maintain a steady sugar level in the body. However, if the secretion of insulin rises abnormally, glucose is completely absorbed, resulting in a severe deficiency of blood sugar. This abnormality causes problems in the functioning of the body, since a balanced sugar content is the driving force for all the body processes.

Hypoglycemia is more of a health problem than a disease. There is a difference between hypoglycemia prevalent in a diabetic person and that in a non-diabetic person. In case of a patient suffering from diabetes, there is a regular dose of medicines advised to maintain insulin level, which breaks down the glucose or blood sugar. If this proportion rises or there is hyperactivity in sugar breakdown, it causes low blood sugar or hypoglycemia. But, in case of non-diabetic individuals, there are two sub-types of hypoglycemia.

Reactive Hypoglycemia

The reactive type mostly occurs in people whose bodily functions are susceptible to slight changes in functioning, although, its causes are a matter of speculation among the experts. Secretion of more glucose in the blood stream or sensitivity of the body to adrenaline secretions may cause reactive hypoglycemia. Another set of rare causes include post surgical complications, especially, if the stomach or the intestine has been operated on, or hereditary lack of sugar tolerance by the body. This type is characterized by a blood sugar level less than 70mg/dL.

Fasting Hypoglycemia

Simply put, the cause of a fasting hypoglycemia is an already diseased body. People prone to this type either have a severe infection, heavy alcohol intake, certain other diseases, allergies to medicines, a malfunctioning heart, liver or kidney, or some form of hormonal deficiency. An individual with a blood sugar level of 50mg/dL, after a long break between meals, can be called hypoglycemic.

Signs and Symptoms

The above mentioned types of hypoglycemia have a number of signs and symptoms which are stated as follows. Any one of these might be a case of the illness, though, the same may vary with factors like age and environment.

• Dizziness
• Excessive sweating
• Loss of concentration
• Seizures
• Irritation
• Increased heartbeat
• Feeling week or tired
• Tingling sensation in the hands, tongue or feet
• Sleepiness
• Lack of coordination
• Frequent mood changes
• Hunger pangs
• Blurry or obscured vision
• Difficulty in speaking
• Depression
• Paleness
• Convulsive body

Hypoglycemia can also be caused during sleep, in which case the following signs and symptoms may be found:

• Damp clothes from excessive sweating.
• Frequent nightmares.
• Waking up with an irritated or fatigued feeling.
• Total disorientation and confusion.

Proper medical care and suitable changes in faulty habits can easily cure the ailment in most cases. However, in case of an individual already suffering from an illness, the consequences can be fatal and hence demand immediate medical treatment by an expert. It can be concluded from the entire study of hypoglycemia, that it is mainly caused due to an unhealthy lifestyle. It is neither a contagious disease nor one acquired due to external factors. A balanced diet, regular meals, physical activity, a good night's sleep and a positive attitude are the effective and the best ways to prevent the occurrence of hypoglycemia.

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Philippines A Wi-Fi Country By July 2015

MANILA - Starting July, Filipinos may enjoy 24/7 free Wi-Fi access in designated public places throughout the country.

The Department of Science and Technology - Information and Communications Technology Office (DOST-ICTO) said these include the following:

1. Public Plazas and Parks
2. Public Primary and Secondary Central Schools
3. Public Libraries
4. Rural Health Units and Government Hospitals
5. State Universities and Colleges
6. Train Stations of the MRT and LRT systems
7. Airports and Seaports
8. City and Municipal Halls
9. National Government Offices

Each free public Wi-Fi zone will have an average of 256 kbps -- the lowest prevailing speed requirement for ''broadband'' service, according to the DOST-ICTO.

The DOST-ICTO said they will be prioritizing metropolitan areas in the first 6 months of the project and aims to wrap it up with a nationwide free Wi-Fi access after by June 2016.

Access requirements

DOST-ICTO Director II Nestor Bongato, however, said there will be certain limitations with regards to access in each Wi-Fi zone.

He said they are still trying to polish the policies with regards to the Wi-Fi access registration.

"Hindi naman puwedeng i-open sa lahat tapos tatlo lang ang mag-e-enjoy. Dapat lahat mag-e-enjoy sa isang (Wi-Fi zone)," Bongato told ABS-CBNNews.com.

Under the DOST-ICTO project, there will be designated registration areas, if not a web-based registration system to accommodate those who want internet access.

The agency is considering front desk services for each local government unit for this project.

There will also be three levels of access which will determine the internet speed for each user.

The first level of access will only require the machine ID (MAC ID) of a device to ensure that a real human being, not a bot, is operating the device.

At this level, a user will have 50MB daily data allocation or a total of 1GB monthly allocation. There will be no assurance of fast internet at Level 1.

The second level of access will require a valid government ID for Filipinos or a valid passport for foreigners.

At this level, a user will have 100MB daily data allocation or a total of 2GB monthly allocation. Level 2 assures low internet speed.

Level 2 will also enable a user to access the internet in multiple devices using an account that will be issued by the government.

Meanwhile, Level 3 will give a user 300MB daily data allocation (3GB monthly) with the assurance of high internet speed.

For this level, the Philippine National Public Key Infrastructure (PNPKI) will issue a Citizen's Digital ID which will be subject to certain requirements.

These policies are still under study, clarified Bongato.

"Once fully deployed, the project will serve 105,000 concurrent users with 256 kbps each," the DOST-ICTO said.

The ''Free Wi-Fi Internet Access in Public Places'' project has a total of P1.408 billion budget, as approved in the 2015 General Appropriations Act (GAA), much higher than the proposed P339 million.

Director II Bongato said that instead of the government putting up its own towers as Wi-Fi sources, the DOST-ICTO will seek the services of the country's telecommunication companies.

He said the agency is now studying the available packages and will start bidding for the project in April.

Bongato said the ultimate aim of the project is to have faster internet-based government services for the people, especially those in far-flung area.

In its 2014 Q2 report, Akamai said the Philippines has one of the slowest average connection speeds in Asia Pacific, ranking 103rd with 2.5 mbps.

Hopefully DOST will not disregard Apari and Sitangkai that they will also able to be included to benefit the so called ''Free Wi-Fi Internet Access in Public Places'' if they fail the northern part and the southernmostit would be unfair to the rest of the Filipino people.

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Nutrition Facts of Egg Yolk

Egg yolk, the yellow portion of egg is armed with a variety of nutrients. It does not matter how you prefer to eat egg yolk. Whether egg yolk is raw or cooked, it provides nutrients in substantial amounts. Most importantly, it is low in salt content, just 8 mg of sodium is contained in 1 egg yolk. No wonder, egg yolk nutrition facts state that this yellow part of egg is a healthy choice.

Egg Yolk Nutritional Value

A raw egg yolk contains the following nutrients:

Vitamins: Although vitamin C is not present in egg yolk, it does contain vitamin B12 and vitamin E in significant amounts. A raw egg yolk is said to have 0.331 mcg of vitamin B12 and 0.684 mg of vitamin E. Vitamin A content is also noteworthy (245 IU) and therefore consumption of egg yolk can protect eyes from age related disorders. However, vitamin B6 and vitamin K content is found to be less, which is around 0.1 mg and 0.1 mcg respectively.

If you thought sunlight is the only natural source of vitamin D, think again. This is because, egg yolk is one of the few foodstuffs that also has vitamin D naturally. So, if you are unable to take a sunbath due to your hectic schedule and are worried about getting vitamin D deficiency then throw away all your health concerns and include egg everyday in your breakfast. One egg yolk of a medium-sized egg delivers around 18 IU of vitamin D. Although it is not a high source of vitamin D, when compared to fish like sardines and tuna, nevertheless it satisfies 10% of your body's vitamin D requirement. So, one can say that egg yolk provides vitamin D in moderation.

Protein: An easy way to boost protein intake during lunch or breakfast, is to have egg yolk. Protein in egg yolk is found in appreciable amounts, hence eating eggs is considered good for health. As it is a good source of protein, it can certainly help to keep health in good shape. 1 egg yolk can supply approximately 2.7 gm of protein. So, considering its protein content, egg yolk nutrition value is certainly high.

Cholesterol: One drawback of egg yolk is their high cholesterol content. So, people suffering from high cholesterol levels have no choice but to stay away from these foodstuffs. There is no doubt that egg yolk is loaded with cholesterol but people having healthy cholesterol levels can consume 1 egg yolk daily. 1 raw egg yolk contains around 210 mg of cholesterol. Being full of cholesterol, one should not consume more than one raw or boiled egg everyday.

Calcium: Egg yolk is also a good source of calcium. Including calcium in the diet is essential to keep the bones healthy and strong. If you consume 1 egg yolk in your breakfast, your body gains around 22 mg of calcium. So, one can say that calcium is found significantly in egg yolk.

Phosphorus: Going through egg yolk nutrition facts, one won't be disappointed to read phosphorus levels in 1 egg yolk. This is because 1 raw egg yolk provides about 66.3 mg of phosphorus.

Carbohydrates: Egg yolk is also a good source of energy as 1 egg yolk is loaded with 0.61 g of carbohydrates.

Amino Acids: Raw egg yolk is also an excellent source of amino acids like leutin and zeaxanthin that can help to prevent development of different types of cancer.

Fats: One raw egg yolk contains 4.51 g of fat. The unhealthy fat content is found to be 1.624 g but the good news is that it also has 'good' fats (polyunsaturated and monounsaturated) in good amounts. So, out of the total fat content (4.51 mg), the good fats contained in raw egg yolk is around 2.75 g. Another important constituent of raw egg yolk are healthy fats such as omega 3 essential fatty acids (38.8 mg) that ensure a healthy heart.

Potassium: Potassium deficiency that puts a person in the risk zone of high blood pressure, can certainly be avoided by having egg yolk at meal times. 1 fresh raw egg yolk contains approximately 19 mg of potassium. Studies show that low potassium levels have often been associated with hypertension. Therefore an easy way to insulate oneself from the symptoms of hypertension is to increase potassium intake, which can be easily achieved by having egg yolk everyday.

Selenium: Selenium that behaves like an antioxidant, is also present in egg yolk. Increased level of selenium in the blood reduces the probability of suffering from dreaded diseases like skin and prostate cancer. Studies show that selenium content in raw egg yolk is approximately 9.5 mcg.

Iron: Egg yolks are also fortified with iron that can help to prevent iron deficiency anemia in children and adults. To increase blood iron levels that provide a wide range of health benefits, egg yolk is definitely a good choice. It is found that a raw egg yolk contains around 0.4 mg of iron.

Egg Yolk Calories: How much calories does 1 raw egg yolk contain? Egg yolk is considered to have a high calorie content that mainly comes from fats. A raw egg yolk supplies around 55-60 calories.

Although, egg yolk contains high levels of saturated fats and cholesterol, that should not deter you from eating this yellow part of the egg. With daily exercise, one can always burn those calories and fats that you would get consuming egg yolk. This essential yellow part of egg is an excellent source of proteins and vitamins, that promote health when egg yolk servings are consumed in moderate amounts.

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Chicken Eggs Vs. Duck Eggs

If you visit the supermarket and face a dilemma when you stand before the eggs section, then this article is just for you. I provide a comparison between duck and chicken eggs here, which are two of the most popular bird eggs used in cooking all over the world, besides goose and quail eggs. When you have plenty of choice, decisions are difficult to make. This comparison might just help you decide which one to go for.

Difference Between Duck and Chicken Eggs

Though chicken eggs are the most commonly used, duck eggs are still catching on as effective alternatives. Much less is known about duck eggs, compared to chicken eggs. So going through this article might just clear all the mystique about it.

Size

Duck eggs are quite large compared to chicken eggs, which makes them easily distinguishable. Another difference is that the duck egg's shell is a lot tougher than a normal chicken egg's shell. Though that makes them a lot more difficult to crack, it is also supposed to provide them with a considerably longer shelf life. By long, I mean six weeks at maximum, if you keep them refrigerated. Still, eating fresh eggs is highly recommended.

The large size of the duck egg gives it a larger yolk to white ratio than a chicken egg. So if you want more yolk, duck eggs are what you should go for. With the larger size, you definitely get more for your money, compared to a chicken egg.

Nutrition

A 100 gm of duck egg will provide about 185 KCal of energy, compared to 149 KCal of energy provided by a chicken egg. Both types of eggs, match each other in terms of carbohydrate content, while the protein content is slightly higher in the duck eggs compared to chicken eggs. The mineral content of duck eggs is very similar. Both contain selenium, manganese, zinc, copper, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, calcium and iron. The duck eggs contain slightly higher amounts of all these minerals.

Same is the case with vitamin content in both of them. The vitamin content too is similar, but duck eggs have a higher amount of each one of them, which includes thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B12 and retinol.

100 gm of duck eggs will have about 3.68 gm of saturated fat, compared to 3.1 gm in chicken eggs. The monounsaturated fat content is about 50% more in duck eggs, as against chicken eggs. The amino acid content profile is also similar for both eggs, but again duck eggs contain more of them. The amino acids included are threonine, isoleucine, trytophan, leucine, methionine, lysine, cystine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine, serine, glycine, proline, aspartic acid, histidine, alanine, and arginine.

So all in all, duck eggs are a good choice nutritionally. The only minus point that duck eggs have is the considerably higher cholesterol content, compared to chicken eggs. 100 gm of duck eggs will contain 884 mg of cholesterol, compared to 425 mg in chicken eggs. That's why, people with history of heart disease should stay away from consuming duck eggs or moderate their intake. People who are looking for a high protein diet, can avoid eating the yolk, while profiting from the protein laden egg white.

Taste & Utility

Duck eggs provide a taste that is different and tastier than chicken eggs according to most users. Individual tastes might vary, so it is best if you try one out to decide! Everything that you do with a chicken egg, can be done with a duck egg. That includes scrambling them, poaching and baking. In fact, most expert bakers report that using duck eggs makes their cakes rise higher and provides them with excellent taste due to their high fat content. As the water content in duck eggs is lesser than chicken eggs, you need to be careful not to overcook them, which has a tendency to make them rubbery. The larger water content also makes the duck egg white harder to whip, but they are worth the effort. Salted ducks eggs are a popular Chinese recipe, that you might want to try out. There are plenty of duck egg recipes that you can make.

In conclusion, duck eggs are definitely worth a try as a chicken egg substitute.

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